Temps et Aspects en Anglais

BASE VERBALE

(infinitif sans to)

S à la 3ème personne

Auxiliaire DO/DOES + B.V. aux formes interrogatives et négatives

PROGRESSIF OU CONTINU

BE au présent + VERBE -ING

Ne PAS oublier BE !

Action habituelle

Vérité générale

Narration, suite de faits rapides

Être en train de

Insistance sur le moment

Projets

Irritation

English people love animals. A lion roars.

And Jones gets the ball, avoids Martin, runs to the end of the field, does he pass? Yes, and he scoooooores!

Look, she's dancing.

What is he doing right now? He's sleeping.

What are you doing this summer? We're travelling.

You're always forgeting things !

HAVE au présent ( has à la 3ème personne du singulier )
+ PARTICIPE PASSE ( B.V. + ed ou irrégulier )

CONTINU

HAVE ( has ) + BEEN + VERBE -ING

Action commencée dans le passé, terminée, mais ayant des conséquences dans le présent ( bilan, résulat )

Action commencée dans le passé et continuant de se produire

I've just seen my friend. She has just got a baby.

I have forgotten my key !
Look, I have broken my leg.

I have been studying English for a long time.
She has been waiting for him for hours ( and sh's not here yet )

B.V. + -ed (sauf irréguliers)
Auxiliaire DID

PROGRESSIF

BE au prétérit ( I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, you were, they wre ) + VERBE -ING

MODAL

Prétérit simple pour tous verbes sauf BE ( WERE à toutes les personnes )

Peut correspondre au passé simple OU au passé composé français

Insistance sur le moment (en train de )

Action qui se déroulait au moment où une autre ( au prétérit simple ) est survenue
Se traduit par l'imparfait

Action non réalisée ( souhait pessimiste, hypothèse )

He met Liza two years ago and married her last week.
I mailed this letter yesterday.

What were you doing? I was sleeping!

He was reading quietly when an apple fell on his head.
She came back as I was watching the nightmovie on TV.

I wish I were rich. If he knew ... It's time you went to bed.
Suppose he arrived? She wishes they offered her a cat.

HAD + Participe passé

PROGRESSIF
HAD + BEEN + VERBE -ING

Action qui était en train de se produire

We had been sitting here for 2 hours when suddenly ...

BE + GOING + TO ( 3 élements)

SIMPLE
WILL ou SHALL + Base Verbale
Les subordonnées  ( après if et de temps ) sont au PRESENT

ANTERIEUR
WILL HAVE + P. PASSE

Action iminente ( sur le point de se produire )

Action future non imminente

Engagement ou ordre solennels ( commandements )

Prévision avec référence au passé

It's going to rain. We are going to have a new house.

I will come when I have time. If I see him, I'll tell you.
I'll buy a car as soon as I am 18.
We shall respect the agreement if you grant us a few points.
You shall obey your parents whenever they require it.

I will have wamed you!
Whatever happends, he will have done his best.

WOULD + BASE VERBALE
Subordonnées après if et marqueurs de temps au prétérit modal

PASSE
WOULD + HAVE + PARTICIPE PASSE
Subordonnées au past parfect

Action soumise à condition dans le passé, probablement non réalisable

He said that he would publish the article when/as soon as/ the moment he received it.

She would have loved to help them if that had been possible.

I'm sure he would have prevented the disaster if he had been able to.